The Big Problem with Small Change
Western Europe was plagued with currency shortages from the 14th to the 19th century, at which time a standard formula had been devised to cure the problem. The authors use a cash in-advance model of commodity money to define a currency shortage, show that they could develop and persist under a commodity money regime and analyze the role played by each ingredient in the standard formula. A companion paper documents the evolution of monetary theory, monetary experiments and minting technology over the course of six hundred years.
